Niacinamide (Vitamin B3)

Two are trial figures and link to the paper; two are absences we searched for and record; three are computed from the tables lower on this page.

1. 82% vs 68%

   In the trial that put niacinamide in acne care, 4% niacinamide gel improved 82% of patients at eight weeks against 68% on 1% clindamycin gel, a difference the trial could not distinguish from chance (P = 0.19). Read it as: as good as the prescription antibiotic, without the resistance problem. ⁶

   Shalita 1995, 76 patients, double-blind, 38 per arm; lesion counts fell 60% vs 43%, also not significantly different. The comparator was an antibiotic; there was no placebo arm.

2. 0

   Head-to-head trials comparing 5% niacinamide with 10% or 20%. None exist. The argument between "5% is the sweet spot" and "10% is standard" has no trial on either side. ¹⁴

   Searched PubMed and the reviews (Wohlrab 2014, Forbat 2017, Boo 2021) for a comparison of shelf strengths. The one concentration comparison in the literature runs the other way: in the 2021 review's account, a 2% moisturizer was not significantly better than vehicle at four to eight weeks while 5% was. Above 5%, the only data is tolerance testing.

3. 0

   Published sources for the claim that mixing niacinamide with vitamin C makes niacin and flushes the skin. Every page repeating it cites an unnamed 1960s study that we could not find. ¹⁰

   The safety panel found no stinging at up to 10% and no irritation at up to 5% in use tests. Flushing is what oral niacin does; it is a different molecule.

4. 18% vs 29%

   For melasma, 4% niacinamide caused side effects in 18% of patients against 29% for 4% hydroquinone. Patients rated hydroquinone's side better (55% vs 44% good-to-excellent); the colorimeter found no significant difference between the two sides. ¹¹

   Navarrete-Solís 2011, 27 patients, split-face, eight weeks. Fewer side effects, the one tolerability measure reported; weaker only on the patients' own rating.

5. 29%

   29% of the 610 community comments that mention niacinamide report stinging, flushing, redness or irritation; where a strength is named, 10% appears more often than 5% (48 against 39 of the 174). In the safety testing, 5% produced no irritation at all.

   174 of 610 comments matched the irritation keywords; counted over comments that themselves mention niacinamide, from 200 threads on three subreddits. The gap between the trial strength and the shelf strength shows up as a complaint rate. Method and limits in the field-reports section.

6. 17 of 22

   17 of the 22 products we decoded state a niacinamide percentage: 13 in the product's name, 3 on the brand page, 1 on the label. One of the 13 names overstates: medicube's "15%" is 10% niacinamide plus 5% tranexamic acid added together.

   From the label decode below. The 5 that state no percentage put niacinamide fourth to seventh in the ingredient list. Fragrance in 3 of 22, denatured alcohol in 0, a zinc salt in 7.

7. 26×

   A gram of niacinamide costs $1.99 in the cheapest 10% serum and $52.00 in the priciest 5% serum in our decode.

   Price ÷ (size in mL × stated %), treating the product as water. Cheapest: Good Molecules 10%, $5.97 for 30 mL on Amazon. Priciest: SkinCeuticals Metacell Renewal B3, 5%, $130 for 50 mL at the brand's retailer. Among the five picks below that state a strength, the spread is $1.99 to $5.33.

Match the strength to the claim you are buying it for, because that is how the trials were run. The number on the front of a 10% or 20% serum has not been tested against a lower one.

• Study Clinical testing produced no stinging at concentrations up to 10% and no irritation in use tests at up to 5%; a 21-day cumulative irritation test at up to 5% was clean. ¹⁰
• Review Nicotinamide is well tolerated and often usable by people who cannot tolerate topical retinoids or fruit acids. ¹⁷

It is a vitamin the skin uses in several enzyme systems at once, so the effects are broad and each one is modest. Nothing it does is dramatic; the value is that it does several things at a strength the safety testing found irritates no one, which the community section below complicates.

• Works Oily skin and shine — Sebum excretion fell measurably within two weeks at 2% in the Japanese trial (50 vs 50 on placebo), and casual sebum fell by six weeks in the 30-person Caucasian study. The effect is real and small. ⁷
• Works Inflammatory acne — 4% performed as well as 1% clindamycin over eight weeks (82% vs 68% improved, not a significant difference), without the resistance problem antibiotics carry. It is an anti-inflammatory; it works beside benzoyl peroxide, which kills the bacteria. ⁶
• Works Dry, weak or eczema-prone skin — It raises the skin's own ceramide production several-fold in cultured cells and lowers water loss on dry skin in use; a 2% cream improved atopic dry skin over four to eight weeks in a 28-patient comparison against white petrolatum. ⁴
• Helps, not alone Dark spots and melasma — It works, slowly, and patients rate it below hydroquinone: 44% versus 55% good-to-excellent at eight weeks, with fewer side effects and no difference on the colorimeter. Expect a modest evening of tone over two to three months. ¹¹
• Helps, not alone Fine lines and sallowness — 5% improved fine lines, spots, blotchiness and yellowing against vehicle in 12-week split-face trials. The papers report that the change was significant without saying how large it was. It is a texture-and-tone active; a retinoid does more for lines. ⁹
• Helps, not alone Redness and rosacea — Its anti-inflammatory and barrier effects are why dermatologists reach for it in rosacea; Dr Lim starts rosacea patients on it before other topicals, and it is one of the few actives rosacea skin tolerates. There is no rosacea trial. The evidence is mechanism and clinic experience. ²²
• Wrong tool Pore size — No trial measures pore diameter. "Minimizes pores" is the sebum effect described from the outside: less oil, less visible pores, no change to the pore.

Niacinamide is the amide of vitamin B3. Skin cells convert it into NAD and NADP, the coenzymes behind hundreds of reactions, which is why one ingredient touches oil, barrier, pigment and inflammation at once.

• Study In cultured keratinocytes it increased ceramide synthesis 4–5-fold and raised glucosylceramide, sphingomyelin, free fatty acids and cholesterol; on dry skin it raised stratum-corneum ceramide and lowered water loss. ¹
• Study It reduces the transfer of melanosomes from melanocytes to keratinocytes by 35–68% in co-culture, which is how it lightens without bleaching the pigment cell. ³
• Review The 2021 review found benefits across aging and pigmentation but no convincing evidence of specific molecular targets for them, which is the fair summary: it helps, through a broad mechanism. ¹⁴

It assumes a 5% serum, which is the strength the trials support. Niacinamide needs no ramp-up; the schedule is about when to judge each effect, because they arrive at different speeds.

1. Week 0 5% serum, twice a day if you can, once if you cannot. The acne trial and both anti-aging trials applied it twice daily. Once a day under moisturizer is the usual real-world dose; expect the effects to arrive later than the trial weeks below. Morning or evening; it does not conflict with sunscreen, vitamin C or a retinoid.
2. Week 2 Oil and shine should be measurably lower. This is the first effect the trials caught, at 2%. If the serum stings, see the 10% note at the end of this routine.
3. Week 4 Add it to whatever else you use. Vitamin C in the morning, a retinoid at night, an acid on alternate nights: niacinamide sits with all of them, and with a retinoid it reduces the irritation rather than adding to it.
4. Week 8 Judge acne and redness. This is where the acne trial measured (82% improved on 4%). If inflamed spots have not changed, niacinamide alone is the wrong tool; add benzoyl peroxide or a retinoid, which treat the cause it only calms.
5. Week 12 Judge tone, spots and fine lines. The pigmentation and aging trials measured here. Expect an evening of tone and a softening of blotchiness; a dark spot that has not moved by now needs a stronger brightener (tranexamic acid, azelaic acid, or hydroquinone under a dermatologist).
6. Ever Going to 10% or 20%. No trial says it helps. If a 10% serum with zinc suits oily skin, fine. If it stings, switch to a 5% product from a different brand. There is no result at 20% at all; every measured benefit was reached at 5% or below.

Almost everything pairs. The one combination the internet warns about, vitamin C, has no published basis, and the one ingredient to avoid, niacin, is a different molecule that shares half the name and none of the behavior.

"Pair" here means it has been formulated or trialed together, or there is no mechanism for a problem. The only chemistry to respect is niacinamide's own: keep the bottle out of heat, because that is what turns it into niacin.

The effects arrive in the order the trials measured them: oil first, acne and redness by two months, pigment and lines by three. Nothing arrives in a week.

1. Week 2 Sebum down. The first measured effect: sebum excretion significantly lower than placebo at week 2 in the Japanese trial at 2%. ⁷
2. Weeks 2–4 Redness and shine ease. The dermatologists in the panel put first visible change at two to four weeks; the panel's range for full effect is eight to twelve. ²⁴
3. Week 4 Pigment begins to shift. Hyperpigmentation decreased against vehicle at four weeks at 5% in the split-face study; the abstract gives the direction of the change without its size. ²
4. Week 8 Acne: the trial endpoint. 82% of patients improved on 4% niacinamide and 68% on clindamycin, a gap the trial could not distinguish from chance. Melasma at the same point: 44% good-to-excellent on niacinamide, 55% on hydroquinone. ⁶
5. Weeks 10–12 Lines, spots, blotchiness, sallowness. The two Bissett trials measured here (weeks 0, 4, 8, 12); Kimball's last images were at week 8 of a ten-week study. All significant against vehicle, none with an effect size in the abstract. ⁸
6. After week 12 Keep it. The only trial past twelve weeks is the five-month melasma study of a niacinamide, tranexamic acid and vitamin C serum; no single-ingredient trial runs longer, and none shows a higher strength extending the effect. From here it is maintenance. ¹³

One product per real use. Each is here because it is the strength the trials support, or the product the community names, at the best price per gram we could find; the ones we cut were the same thing at a worse price or with a caveat we could not resolve. Prices are Amazon's on the day this page was built; strengths are as the product states them.

1. 

   Trial strength, cheapest

   Good Molecules 5% Niacinamide Serum with Ectoin

   5% · serum · 30 mL · $8.00 · $5.33/g active

   The strength every benefit claim was tested at, for eight dollars, with ectoin as the soothing agent. The default choice.

   Currently unavailable on Amazon (checked 2026-09-19)

2. 

   Trial strength for face and body

   The Ordinary Niacinamide 5% Face and Body Emulsion

   5% · emulsion · 100 mL · $14.00 · $2.80/g active

   Same 5% in a lotion base at 100 mL, which makes it the cheapest per gram of any 5% product and the one to use on chest, back and arms.

   Currently unavailable on Amazon (checked 2026-09-19)

3. 

   The standard 10%, if you want the oil-control version

   The Ordinary Niacinamide 10% + Zinc 1%

   10% · serum · 30 mL · $6.00 · $2.00/g active

   The product that made 10% the shelf standard and the one the community names most (29% of comments). The zinc is the oil-control angle; the 10% has no trial over 5%.

   Stings for some; the formula is the likelier cause. The 5% picks above are the fallback.

   Check price on Amazon Full review →

4. 

   Cheapest gram of active on the page

   Good Molecules Niacinamide Serum 10%

   10% · serum · 30 mL · $5.97 · $1.99/g active

   Nine ingredients, $1.99 per gram of niacinamide, no zinc, no fragrance. The plain version of the standard 10%.

   Check price on Amazon

5. 

   Oily skin, with the most zinc

   Naturium Niacinamide Serum 12% Plus Zinc 2%

   12% · serum · 30 mL · $16.99 · $4.72/g active

   The highest zinc content on the list at a stated 2%, with hyaluronate in a pH-stated base (5.0–5.6). Buy it for the zinc; there is no trial showing 12% does more than 5%.

   Check price on Amazon

6. 

   Moisturizer that carries it

   CeraVe PM Facial Moisturizing Lotion

   undisclosed % · moisturizer · 89 mL · $14.97

   Niacinamide fourth in the ingredient list with three ceramides and hyaluronate, at a strength CeraVe does not state. For dry or sensitive skin this is the sensible way to get it, inside the barrier cream.

   Niacinamide is fourth in the list, which places it above the 1% line in most formulations; CeraVe does not state the figure.

   Check price on Amazon

Amazon prices on the day this page was built; they change. $ per gram of active = listed price ÷ (size in mL × stated %), treating the product as water. Affiliate links; we earn a commission at no cost to you.

Two warnings follow niacinamide around: that it flushes the skin at high strength, and that it cancels vitamin C by turning into niacin. We looked for where each comes from.

Primary sources for the vitamin C claim

0every page repeating it cites an unnamed 1960s study; none names it and we could not find it

Stinging in clinical testing

noneat concentrations up to 10%, per the 2005 safety review ¹⁰

Irritation in use tests

noneat up to 5%, including a 21-day cumulative test ¹⁰

Community comments reporting a flush, sting or redness

29%174 of the 610 comments that mention niacinamide; where a strength is named, 10% appears in 48 and 5% in 39

• Review Flushing and tingling at higher strength come from niacin, present as an impurity or formed as niacinamide breaks down. ¹⁹
• Review The worry traces to 1960s laboratory tests using unstable, heated raw materials; in modern cosmetic formulas the two are stable side by side, and brands combine them on purpose. ²⁰

The number on the front carries the pitch, so we checked where it comes from and what sits behind it: whether the percentage is stated anywhere but the product's name, where niacinamide falls in the ingredient list when it isn't, and what else is in the bottle.

Fragrance

14%3 of 22 products

Denatured alcohol

0%0 of 22 products

Zinc salt

32%7 of 22 products

Barrier / soothing add-ins

77%17 of 22 products

• 17 of 22 state a percentage: 13 in the product's name, 3 on the brand page (Glow Recipe, SkinCeuticals, Beauty of Joseon), 1 on the label. Niacinamide is a cosmetic ingredient, so there is no Drug Facts panel to check any of them against.
• One name overstates. medicube's "TXA Niacinamide 15%" is 10% niacinamide plus 5% tranexamic acid, added together; the label gives the split.
• The 5 that state no percentage (CeraVe PM, La Roche-Posay Toleriane, Olay Regenerist, e.l.f. Triple Bounce, Byoma Clarifying) put niacinamide fourth to seventh in the list. Ingredients above 1% are listed in descending order, which places these above the 1% line in most formulations; the exact strength is unstated.
• In 11 of the 13 products at 10% or more, niacinamide is the second ingredient after water. A 10% serum is mostly water, niacinamide and one thickener.
• Fragrance in 3 of 22 (Glow Recipe, SkinCeuticals, Olay), essential oils in 4, denatured alcohol in 0.
• A zinc salt rides along in 7 of 22; 6 of the 7 are 10%+ serums positioned for oily skin, the other is Byoma's undisclosed-strength clarifying serum. Zinc has thin, separate sebum evidence; it is the reason those products say "pores" on the front.
• The two 20% products (Paula's Choice CLINICAL, INKEY SuperSolutions) are built like the 10% ones: niacinamide second in the list, with a soothing agent each (panthenol; squalane). The extra strength has no trial behind it.
• Two stated pH values in the set, Naturium at 5.0–5.6 and INKEY at 6.09. Niacinamide is stable across that range; the pH matters for what you layer it with.

Percentages are as the product states them; "pct source" says where. Barrier flag: ceramides, hyaluronate, panthenol, allantoin, bisabolol, squalane, ectoin, beta-glucan, centella (including madecassoside) or propolis. INCI = number of listed ingredients. Prices in this table are the retailer's list price at the URL read; the picks above use Amazon's price. Good Molecules 5% Ectoin is in the picks but not in this table because its ingredient list loads in a way we could not read.

Three reviews, the 2005 safety panel, DermNet, four medically reviewed health publishers, three dermatologists, one chemist (two pieces), four brand or blog pages, and an editorial panel quoting five dermatologists. 13 state a strength; 6 do not. The magazines (Allure, Byrdie, Vogue, Harper's Bazaar, Good Housekeeping) block automated reading and are not in the table.

We harvested the top-voted threads about niacinamide from three skincare subreddits and kept every comment or post that itself mentions niacinamide: 610 in all. The shares below are the proportion of those comments that raise each theme; a comment can raise more than one. Each quote is a top-voted first-person comment for that theme.

Method. 200 threads gathered 2026-09-12 from r/SkincareAddiction, r/AsianBeauty and r/Skincare_Addiction through Reddit's public search, sorted by top and by relevance for seven niacinamide queries; Reddit blocked roughly half of the thread fetches, so this is a sample of the top-voted discussion and not a complete count. The unit of analysis is a comment or post that itself mentions niacinamide (610 of 2,721 posts and comments harvested). Themes are keyword matches on that comment's text. "The Ordinary" was one of the search terms, which inflates its mention count. Quotes are trimmed for length and profanity, and a post's title is dropped when its body is quoted; nothing is reworded. Scores are Reddit upvotes at harvest time.

• Yong Chool Boo Department of Molecular Medicine, Kyungpook National University; author of the 2021 review
  There is no convincing evidence that nicotinamide has specific molecular targets for controlling skin aging and pigmentation. Antioxidants (review), open access · 2021 ↗
• Johannes Wohlrab and Daniela Kreft MD, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
  Given a sufficient bioavailability, niacinamide has antipruritic, antimicrobial, vasoactive, photo-protective, sebostatic and lightening effects depending on its concentration. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology (review) · 2014 ↗
• CIR Expert Panel Cosmetic Ingredient Review, safety assessment of niacinamide and niacin
  Clinical testing of Niacinamide produced no stinging sensation at concentrations up to 10%, use tests produced no irritation at concentrations up to 5%. International Journal of Toxicology · 2005 ↗
• A/Prof Amanda Oakley MBChB FRACP, dermatologist; DermNet NZ (updated the entry)
  Nicotinamide is well tolerated and often can be used by those who cannot tolerate topical retinoids or fruit acids. DermNet NZ · 2018 ↗
• Michelle Wong PhD chemistry, Lab Muffin Beauty Science
  Niacin makes your skin flush and tingle, but it's mostly just an annoyance. Lab Muffin, The Ordinary review part 2 ↗
• Dr Sam Bunting MD, consultant dermatologist, London
  No need to worry about that confusing old study on vitamin C and niacinamide interacting. drsambunting.com ↗
• Dr Davin Lim MD, dermatologist, Brisbane
  Niacinamide does not cause flushing & is well tolerated... skin allergies following niacinamide are extremely rare. drdavinlim.com ↗
• Dr Shereene Idriss MD, board-certified dermatologist, New York
  3-5% is the sweet spot. dridriss.com ↗
• Dr Marisa Garshick and Dr Ryan Turner MD, board-certified dermatologists (Garshick: clinical assistant professor, Cornell)
  5% has been shown to improve skin appearance with little risk of sensitivity; above 5% may irritate sensitive skin; "more" does not always equal "better" (Turner). quoted in NBC Select ↗
• Dr Debra Jaliman MD, dermatologist; medical reviewer of the WebMD article
  The WebMD article she reviewed states that products at 5% or less are generally safe to use and that the vitamin C incompatibility is a common myth. WebMD (reviewed) ↗

This page has not been medically reviewed. It cites the published positions of the people above and the trials and reviews in the sources list, and it says where a claim is an opinion. A board-certified dermatologist who would review it can reach us through the corrections page.

What percentage of niacinamide should I use?

5%. That is the strength behind the anti-aging and pigmentation trials; 4% performed as well as clindamycin for acne; 2% is enough to lower oil. The 10% and 20% serums have never been compared with 5% in a trial. If a 10% product suits you there is no harm in it; there is also no evidence it does more. ⁶⁹⁷

Is 10% niacinamide too much?

It is safe: clinical testing found no stinging at up to 10%. It is also unevidenced: no efficacy trial exists above 5%. Some people sting or flush on 10%+ serums, and that is usually the formula. If it happens, switch to a 5% product from a different brand. ¹⁰

Does niacinamide cause flushing?

Niacinamide does not. Niacin, the acid form of vitamin B3, does, and it can be present in a product as an impurity or form when niacinamide breaks down with heat and time. A warm, red, tingling reaction points at the bottle. ¹⁹¹⁰

Can I use niacinamide with vitamin C?

Yes. The warning comes from an unnamed 1960s test of unstabilized ascorbic acid that nobody can produce; no published source for it exists that we could find, and every dermatologist and chemist in our panel who names it calls it a myth. Brands combine the two on purpose, and a serum pairing them with tranexamic acid reduced melasma pigmentation to a similar degree as 4% hydroquinone. ¹³²³

Can I use niacinamide with retinol?

Yes, and you probably should: niacinamide's barrier effect reduces retinoid irritation. Medical News Today's summary of the research is that the pair is better tolerated than the retinoid alone; we did not locate the underlying trial. Niacinamide first, retinoid on top, at night. ²¹

How long does niacinamide take to work?

Oil drops within two weeks. Redness and shine ease over two to four. Acne was measured at eight weeks, pigment at four to eight, fine lines at twelve. The trials applied it twice a day; once a day will be slower. If you are judging a dark spot, give it three months; if you are judging shine, two weeks is enough. ⁷⁶⁹

Does niacinamide shrink pores?

No trial measures pore size. What the trials measure is sebum, which falls at 2%; less oil makes pores look smaller without changing them. "Minimizes pores" on a label is the oil claim from a different angle. ⁷

Is 20% niacinamide better than 10%?

There is no efficacy trial at either strength, so there is nothing to compare. The human stinging data stops at 10%; the only 20% figure in the safety review is a guinea-pig sensitization challenge, which was negative. The two 20% products we decoded are built like the 10% ones with more niacinamide. ¹⁰

Is niacinamide the same as niacin?

No. Niacinamide is the amide form of vitamin B3 and niacin is the acid form. Niacin dilates blood vessels and flushes the skin; niacinamide does not. Skincare products use niacinamide. If a label says niacin or nicotinic acid, that is the ingredient that flushes. ⁵

Is niacinamide good for rosacea and sensitive skin?

It is one of the few actives most rosacea-prone skin tolerates, and dermatologists use it for that; its anti-inflammatory and barrier effects are the reason. There is no rosacea trial, so the evidence is mechanism and clinic experience. Start at 5% once a day. ²²¹⁷

1. 1

   Nicotinamide increases biosynthesis of ceramides as well as other stratum corneum lipids to improve the epidermal permeability barrier

   Tanno O, Ota Y, Kitamura N, Katsube T, Inoue S · British Journal of Dermatology 143(3):524-31 · 2000

2. 2

   The effect of niacinamide on reducing cutaneous pigmentation and suppression of melanosome transfer

   Hakozaki T, Minwalla L, Zhuang J, Chhoa M, Matsubara A, Miyamoto K, Greatens A, Hillebrand GG, Bissett DL, Boissy RE · British Journal of Dermatology 147(1):20-31 · 2002

3. 3

   Effective inhibition of melanosome transfer to keratinocytes by lectins and niacinamide is reversible

   Greatens A, Hakozaki T, Koshoffer A, Epstein H, Schwemberger S, Babcock G, Bissett D, Takiwaki H, Arase S, Wickett RR, Boissy RE · Experimental Dermatology 14(7):498-508 · 2005

4. 4

   Moisturizing effects of topical nicotinamide on atopic dry skin

   Soma Y, Kashima M, Imaizumi A, Takahama H, Kawakami T, Mizoguchi M · International Journal of Dermatology 44(3):197-202 · 2005

5. 5

   Nicotinic acid/niacinamide and the skin

   Gehring W · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 3(2):88-93 · 2004

6. 6

   Topical nicotinamide compared with clindamycin gel in the treatment of inflammatory acne vulgaris

   Shalita AR, Smith JG, Parish LC, Sofman MS, Chalker DK · International Journal of Dermatology 34(6):434-7 · 1995

7. 7

   The effect of 2% niacinamide on facial sebum production

   Draelos ZD, Matsubara A, Smiles K · Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 8(2):96-101 · 2006

8. 8

   Topical niacinamide reduces yellowing, wrinkling, red blotchiness, and hyperpigmented spots in aging facial skin

   Bissett DL, Miyamoto K, Sun P, Li J, Berge CA · International Journal of Cosmetic Science 26(5):231-238 · 2004

9. 9

   Niacinamide: A B vitamin that improves aging facial skin appearance

   Bissett DL, Oblong JE, Berge CA · Dermatologic Surgery 31(7 Pt 2):860-5 · 2005

10. 10

    Final report of the safety assessment of niacinamide and niacin

    Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel · International Journal of Toxicology 24 Suppl 5:1-31 · 2005

11. 11

    A double-blind, randomized clinical trial of niacinamide 4% versus hydroquinone 4% in the treatment of melasma

    Navarrete-Solís J, Castanedo-Cázares JP, Torres-Álvarez B, et al. · Dermatology Research and Practice · 2011

12. 12

    Reduction in the appearance of facial hyperpigmentation after use of moisturizers with a combination of topical niacinamide and N-acetyl glucosamine

    Kimball AB, Kaczvinsky JR, Li J, et al. · British Journal of Dermatology · 2010

13. 13

    Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Serum Containing Niacinamide, Tranexamic Acid, Vitamin C, and Hydroxy Acid Compared to 4% Hydroquinone in the Management of Melasma

    Rocio J, Pittet JC, Sachdev M, et al · J Cosmet Dermatol 24(3):e70097 · 2025

14. 14

    Mechanistic basis and clinical evidence for the applications of nicotinamide (niacinamide) to control skin aging and pigmentation

    Boo YC · Antioxidants · 2021

15. 15

    Niacinamide: mechanisms of action and its topical use in dermatology

    Wohlrab J, Kreft D · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · 2014

16. 16

    Use of nicotinamide in dermatology

    Forbat E, Al-Niaimi F, Ali FR · Clinical and Experimental Dermatology · 2017

17. 17

    Nicotinamide

    Ranaweera A; updated by Oakley A · DermNet NZ · 2018

18. 18

    Why I don't recommend The Ordinary's niacinamide and L-ascorbic acid products (supplier concentration ranges)

    Wong M · Lab Muffin Beauty Science

19. 19

    The Ordinary skincare review part 2: niacinamide, zinc (flushing, niacin, vitamin C)

    Wong M · Lab Muffin Beauty Science

20. 20

    Niacinamide (ingredient page)

    DermApproved · dermapproved.com

21. 21

    Can niacinamide and retinol be used together?

    Leonard J; reviewed by Patel R, PA-C · Medical News Today

22. 22

    Niacinamide (A-Z skin care)

    Lim D · drdavinlim.com

23. 23

    Niacinamide

    Bunting S · drsambunting.com

24. 24

    The best niacinamide products, according to dermatologists (Garshick, Turner, Chiu, King, Farhang)

    Alvarez B · NBC Select