{
  "name": "Malassezia substrate check",
  "description": "Which cosmetic ingredients Malassezia (the yeast behind fungal acne) can metabolise, judged by carbon-chain length, plus every product in our catalogue run through those rules.",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "source_page": "https://verifiedbeautydata.com/acne/#shelf-check",
  "publisher": "Verified Beauty Data",
  "generated": "2026-09-19",
  "basis": {
    "mechanism": "Malassezia species cannot synthesise their own fatty acids and must take them from their surroundings. Utilisation depends on carbon-chain length: they use roughly C11-C24 and cannot use chains shorter than about C11. That single fact is what separates an ingredient that feeds them from one that does not — and it is why caprylic/capric triglyceride (C8-C10) is fine while coconut oil (largely C12) is not.",
    "refs": [
      "PMID:7604636",
      "PMID:32266163",
      "PMID:25085959"
    ]
  },
  "honest_limits": [
    "This is a MECHANISM-BASED flag, not a clinical test. It says an ingredient is a plausible substrate by its chemistry; it does not say your product caused your bumps.",
    "Concentration and position in the ingredient list matter and we cannot see them. A C16 ester at 0.2% near the end of an INCI list is a different proposition from the second ingredient.",
    "Formulation matters too. An ingredient bound in an emulsion is not necessarily available to the yeast.",
    "Most 'fungal acne safe' lists circulating online are community-assembled rather than clinically validated. We flag by chain-length chemistry and say so, rather than reproducing a list whose provenance we cannot check.",
    "If bumps are itchy, uniform and not responding to acne treatment, the answer is a diagnosis, not a shopping list."
  ],
  "levels": {
    "feeds": "A known substrate — a fatty acid or fatty-acid ester in the usable chain-length range.",
    "likely": "Probable substrate: a fatty ester, oil or polysorbate whose exact chain profile varies by source.",
    "safe": "Not usable — outside the chain-length range, or not a lipid at all.",
    "unknown": "Not in our rule set. Absence of a flag is not a clearance."
  },
  "rules": [
    {
      "level": "feeds",
      "why": "Free fatty acid in the C12-C24 range Malassezia can metabolise.",
      "patterns": [
        "LAURIC ACID",
        "MYRISTIC ACID",
        "PALMITIC ACID",
        "STEARIC ACID",
        "OLEIC ACID",
        "LINOLEIC ACID",
        "LINOLENIC ACID",
        "ARACHIDIC ACID",
        "BEHENIC ACID",
        "UNDECYLENIC ACID"
      ]
    },
    {
      "level": "feeds",
      "why": "Isopropyl ester of a mid-chain fatty acid — among the most consistently reported substrates.",
      "patterns": [
        "ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE",
        "ISOPROPYL PALMITATE",
        "ISOPROPYL ISOSTEARATE",
        "ISOPROPYL LAURATE"
      ]
    },
    {
      "level": "feeds",
      "why": "Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty-acid ester. The fatty-acid tail is the substrate.",
      "patterns": [
        "POLYSORBATE"
      ]
    },
    {
      "level": "feeds",
      "why": "Sorbitan fatty-acid ester.",
      "patterns": [
        "SORBITAN LAURATE",
        "SORBITAN OLEATE",
        "SORBITAN PALMITATE",
        "SORBITAN STEARATE",
        "SORBITAN SESQUIOLEATE",
        "SORBITAN ISOSTEARATE"
      ]
    },
    {
      "level": "likely",
      "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable.",
      "patterns": [
        "GLYCERYL STEARATE",
        "GLYCERYL LAURATE",
        "GLYCERYL OLEATE",
        "GLYCERYL CAPRYLATE",
        "GLYCERYL BEHENATE",
        "GLYCERYL ISOSTEARATE",
        "POLYGLYCERYL"
      ]
    },
    {
      "level": "likely",
      "why": "PEG fatty-acid ester or ethoxylated fatty alcohol.",
      "patterns": [
        "PEG-100 STEARATE",
        "PEG-40 STEARATE",
        "PEG-8 BEESWAX",
        "PEG-7 GLYCERYL COCOATE",
        "STEARETH-",
        "CETETH-",
        "LAURETH-",
        "OLETH-",
        "CETEARETH-"
      ]
    },
    {
      "level": "likely",
      "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range.",
      "patterns": [
        "SEED OIL",
        "FRUIT OIL",
        "KERNEL OIL",
        "NUT OIL",
        "OLIVE OIL",
        "COCONUT OIL",
        "SHEA BUTTER",
        "BUTYROSPERMUM",
        "TRIGLYCERIDE",
        "SUNFLOWER",
        "JOJOBA",
        "ARGANIA",
        "ROSA CANINA",
        "SIMMONDSIA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "level": "likely",
      "why": "Fatty alcohol. Lower risk than the free acids, but routinely reported as a trigger and worth knowing about.",
      "patterns": [
        "CETYL ALCOHOL",
        "STEARYL ALCOHOL",
        "CETEARYL ALCOHOL",
        "MYRISTYL ALCOHOL",
        "BEHENYL ALCOHOL"
      ]
    },
    {
      "level": "likely",
      "why": "Fermented or yeast-derived ferment. Contested rather than proven, and flagged so you can decide.",
      "patterns": [
        "FERMENT FILTRATE",
        "GALACTOMYCES",
        "SACCHAROMYCES"
      ]
    },
    {
      "level": "safe",
      "why": "C8-C10 chains — below the range Malassezia can use.",
      "patterns": [
        "CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE",
        "CAPRYLIC ACID",
        "CAPRIC ACID",
        "CAPRYLYL GLYCOL"
      ]
    },
    {
      "level": "safe",
      "why": "Saturated hydrocarbon, not a fatty acid — no usable chain.",
      "patterns": [
        "SQUALANE",
        "MINERAL OIL",
        "PARAFFINUM",
        "PETROLATUM",
        "HYDROGENATED POLYISOBUTENE"
      ]
    },
    {
      "level": "safe",
      "why": "Silicone. Not a lipid substrate.",
      "patterns": [
        "DIMETHICONE",
        "CYCLOPENTASILOXANE",
        "DIMETHICONOL",
        "SILOXANE"
      ]
    },
    {
      "level": "safe",
      "why": "Water-soluble humectant or active. Nothing for the yeast to metabolise.",
      "patterns": [
        "GLYCERIN",
        "HYALURONATE",
        "HYALURONIC ACID",
        "UREA",
        "PANTHENOL",
        "NIACINAMIDE",
        "BETAINE",
        "PROPANEDIOL",
        "BUTYLENE GLYCOL",
        "PENTYLENE GLYCOL",
        "ALLANTOIN",
        "AQUA",
        "WATER"
      ]
    },
    {
      "level": "safe",
      "why": "Acne or brightening active — not a lipid.",
      "patterns": [
        "SALICYLIC ACID",
        "BENZOYL PEROXIDE",
        "ADAPALENE",
        "AZELAIC ACID",
        "ASCORBIC ACID",
        "MANDELIC ACID",
        "GLYCOLIC ACID",
        "LACTIC ACID",
        "TRANEXAMIC ACID",
        "ZINC PCA",
        "SULFUR"
      ]
    },
    {
      "level": "safe",
      "why": "Antifungal — actively works against Malassezia rather than feeding it.",
      "patterns": [
        "KETOCONAZOLE",
        "CLIMBAZOLE",
        "PIROCTONE OLAMINE",
        "ZINC PYRITHIONE",
        "SELENIUM SULFIDE"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "summary": {
    "products": 121,
    "feeds": 30,
    "likely": 37,
    "clear": 54
  },
  "products": [
    {
      "product_id": "skinceuticals-retinol-1-maximum-strength",
      "brand": "SkinCeuticals",
      "product": "Retinol 1.0 Maximum Strength Refining Night Cream",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 4,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 5,
      "unrecognised": 17,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "Polysorbate 20",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty-acid ester. The fatty-acid tail is the substrate."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "Isopropyl Myristate",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Isopropyl ester of a mid-chain fatty acid — among the most consistently reported substrates."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "Polysorbate 80",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty-acid ester. The fatty-acid tail is the substrate."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "Sorbitan Oleate",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Sorbitan fatty-acid ester."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "cosrx-advanced-snail-92-all-in-one-cream",
      "brand": "COSRX",
      "product": "Advanced Snail 92 All In One Cream",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 3,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 8,
      "unrecognised": 10,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "CETEARYL ALCOHOL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fatty alcohol. Lower risk than the free acids, but routinely reported as a trigger and worth knowing about."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "PALMITIC ACID",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Free fatty acid in the C12-C24 range Malassezia can metabolise."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "STEARIC ACID",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Free fatty acid in the C12-C24 range Malassezia can metabolise."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "MYRISTIC ACID",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Free fatty acid in the C12-C24 range Malassezia can metabolise."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "panoxyl-acne-foaming-wash-10-benzoyl-peroxide",
      "brand": "PanOxyl",
      "product": "Acne Foaming Wash with 10% Benzoyl Peroxide - 3.0 oz",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 3,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 5,
      "unrecognised": 13,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "PALMITIC ACID",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Free fatty acid in the C12-C24 range Malassezia can metabolise."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "SORBITAN STEARATE",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Sorbitan fatty-acid ester."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "STEARIC ACID",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Free fatty acid in the C12-C24 range Malassezia can metabolise."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "paulas-choice-clinical-1-retinol-treatment",
      "brand": "Paula's Choice",
      "product": "1% Retinol Treatment",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 2,
      "probable_substrates": 4,
      "not_usable": 11,
      "unrecognised": 36,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "GLYCERYL STEARATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYSORBATE 20",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty-acid ester. The fatty-acid tail is the substrate."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "BEHENYL ALCOHOL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fatty alcohol. Lower risk than the free acids, but routinely reported as a trigger and worth knowing about."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "PEG-100 STEARATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "PEG fatty-acid ester or ethoxylated fatty alcohol."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "SORBITAN LAURATE",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Sorbitan fatty-acid ester."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "PEG-75 SHEA BUTTER GLYCERIDES",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "iunik-beta-glucan-daily-moisture-cream",
      "brand": "iUNIK",
      "product": "Beta-Glucan Daily Moisture Cream",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 2,
      "probable_substrates": 2,
      "not_usable": 13,
      "unrecognised": 22,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "CETEARYL ALCOHOL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fatty alcohol. Lower risk than the free acids, but routinely reported as a trigger and worth knowing about."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "GLYCERYL STEARATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYSORBATE 60",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty-acid ester. The fatty-acid tail is the substrate."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "SORBITAN STEARATE",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Sorbitan fatty-acid ester."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "naturium-retinaldehyde-cream-serum",
      "brand": "Naturium",
      "product": "Naturium Retinaldehyde Cream Serum 0.10%",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 2,
      "probable_substrates": 2,
      "not_usable": 5,
      "unrecognised": 28,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "APRICOT KERNEL OIL POLYGLYCERYL-6 ESTERS",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "DILINOLEIC ACID/BUTANEDIOL COPOLYMER",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Free fatty acid in the C12-C24 range Malassezia can metabolise."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "SORBITAN OLEATE",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Sorbitan fatty-acid ester."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYGLYCERYL-10 DIPALMITATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "cerave-resurfacing-retinol-serum",
      "brand": "CeraVe",
      "product": "Resurfacing Retinol Serum",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 2,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 9,
      "unrecognised": 21,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "CETEARYL ALCOHOL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fatty alcohol. Lower risk than the free acids, but routinely reported as a trigger and worth knowing about."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Isopropyl ester of a mid-chain fatty acid — among the most consistently reported substrates."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYSORBATE 20",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty-acid ester. The fatty-acid tail is the substrate."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-ordinary-retinal-0-2-emulsion",
      "brand": "The Ordinary",
      "product": "The Ordinary Retinal 0.2% Emulsion",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 2,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 6,
      "unrecognised": 23,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "STEARIC ACID",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Free fatty acid in the C12-C24 range Malassezia can metabolise."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "ISOCETETH-20",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "PEG fatty-acid ester or ethoxylated fatty alcohol."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYSORBATE 60",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty-acid ester. The fatty-acid tail is the substrate."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "medicube-pdrn-pink-peptide-serum",
      "brand": "medicube",
      "product": "PDRN Pink Peptide Serum with Salmon DNA",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 2,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 8,
      "unrecognised": 30,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Isopropyl ester of a mid-chain fatty acid — among the most consistently reported substrates."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "SORBITAN OLEATE",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Sorbitan fatty-acid ester."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-inkey-list-tranexamic-acid-hyperpigmentation-serum",
      "brand": "The INKEY List",
      "product": "Tranexamic Acid Hyperpigmentation Serum",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 2,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 6,
      "unrecognised": 15,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYSORBATE 60",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty-acid ester. The fatty-acid tail is the substrate."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "SORBITAN ISOSTEARATE",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Sorbitan fatty-acid ester."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "tosowoong-pink-peptide-12-pdrn-serum",
      "brand": "TOSOWOONG",
      "product": "Pink Peptide 12 PDRN Serum with Salmon DNA",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 2,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 8,
      "unrecognised": 32,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Isopropyl ester of a mid-chain fatty acid — among the most consistently reported substrates."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "SORBITAN OLEATE",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Sorbitan fatty-acid ester."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "sunday-riley-good-genes-lactic-acid-treatment",
      "brand": "Sunday Riley",
      "product": "Sunday Riley Good Genes All-In-One Lactic Acid Treatment",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 1,
      "probable_substrates": 6,
      "not_usable": 6,
      "unrecognised": 15,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (Yeast) Extract",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fermented or yeast-derived ferment. Contested rather than proven, and flagged so you can decide."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "STEARIC ACID",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Free fatty acid in the C12-C24 range Malassezia can metabolise."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "CETEARYL ALCOHOL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fatty alcohol. Lower risk than the free acids, but routinely reported as a trigger and worth knowing about."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "CETEARETH-20",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "PEG fatty-acid ester or ethoxylated fatty alcohol."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "GLYCERYL STEARATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "PEG-100 STEARATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "PEG fatty-acid ester or ethoxylated fatty alcohol."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "STEARETH-20",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "PEG fatty-acid ester or ethoxylated fatty alcohol."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "cerave-daily-moisturizing-lotion",
      "brand": "CeraVe",
      "product": "Daily Moisturizing Lotion",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 1,
      "probable_substrates": 4,
      "not_usable": 5,
      "unrecognised": 14,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "CETEARYL ALCOHOL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fatty alcohol. Lower risk than the free acids, but routinely reported as a trigger and worth knowing about."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "CETEARETH-20",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "PEG fatty-acid ester or ethoxylated fatty alcohol."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "CETYL ALCOHOL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fatty alcohol. Lower risk than the free acids, but routinely reported as a trigger and worth knowing about."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYGLYCERYL-3 DIISOSTEARATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYSORBATE 20",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty-acid ester. The fatty-acid tail is the substrate."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "some-by-mi-snail-truecica-miracle-repair-cream",
      "brand": "SOME BY MI",
      "product": "Snail Truecica Miracle Repair Cream",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 1,
      "probable_substrates": 4,
      "not_usable": 7,
      "unrecognised": 30,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYGLYCERYL-3 METHYLGLUCOSE DISTEARATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "CETEARYL ALCOHOL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fatty alcohol. Lower risk than the free acids, but routinely reported as a trigger and worth knowing about."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "GLYCERYL STEARATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "CITRUS AURANTIUM BERGAMIA (BERGAMOT) FRUIT OIL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "STEARIC ACID",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Free fatty acid in the C12-C24 range Malassezia can metabolise."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "dr-jart-cicapair-tiger-grass-color-correcting-treatment",
      "brand": "Dr. Jart+",
      "product": "Cicapair Tiger Grass Color Correcting Treatment SPF 30",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 1,
      "probable_substrates": 2,
      "not_usable": 10,
      "unrecognised": 23,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYGLYCERYL-3 POLYRICINOLEATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "CETEARYL ALCOHOL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fatty alcohol. Lower risk than the free acids, but routinely reported as a trigger and worth knowing about."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "STEARIC ACID",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Free fatty acid in the C12-C24 range Malassezia can metabolise."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "beauty-of-joseon-glow-deep-serum-rice-arbutin",
      "brand": "Beauty of Joseon",
      "product": "Glow Deep Serum Rice + Alpha-Arbutin",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 1,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 7,
      "unrecognised": 23,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "HYDROLYZED JOJOBA ESTERS",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "SORBITAN ISOSTEARATE",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Sorbitan fatty-acid ester."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "elf-suntouchable-invisible-sunscreen-spf-35",
      "brand": "e.l.f. SKIN",
      "product": "Suntouchable Invisible Sunscreen SPF 35",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 1,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 5,
      "unrecognised": 12,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "LIMNANTHES ALBA (MEADOWFOAM) SEED OIL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "ISOPROPYL PALMITATE",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Isopropyl ester of a mid-chain fatty acid — among the most consistently reported substrates."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "eucerin-urearepair-plus-foot-cream-10-urea",
      "brand": "Eucerin",
      "product": "UreaRepair Plus Foot Cream 10% Urea",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 1,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 7,
      "unrecognised": 10,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "CETEARYL ALCOHOL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fatty alcohol. Lower risk than the free acids, but routinely reported as a trigger and worth knowing about."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "SORBITAN STEARATE",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Sorbitan fatty-acid ester."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-ordinary-azelaic-acid-suspension-10",
      "brand": "The Ordinary",
      "product": "Azelaic Acid Suspension 10% Cream for Redness and Blemish-Prone Skin",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 1,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 4,
      "unrecognised": 11,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "ISOCETETH-20",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "PEG fatty-acid ester or ethoxylated fatty alcohol."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYSORBATE 60",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty-acid ester. The fatty-acid tail is the substrate."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "urban-skin-rx-even-tone-super-glow-serum",
      "brand": "Urban Skin Rx",
      "product": "Even Tone Super Glow Serum with 10% L-Ascorbic Acid + Kojic Acid",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 1,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 9,
      "unrecognised": 13,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYSORBATE 20",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty-acid ester. The fatty-acid tail is the substrate."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "LAURETH-23",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "PEG fatty-acid ester or ethoxylated fatty alcohol."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "ebanel-silicone-scar-gel",
      "brand": "Ebanel",
      "product": "Silicone Scar Gel with Allantoin",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 1,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 4,
      "unrecognised": 4,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Isopropyl ester of a mid-chain fatty acid — among the most consistently reported substrates."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "paulas-choice-10-niacinamide-booster",
      "brand": "Paula's Choice",
      "product": "10% Niacinamide Booster",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 1,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 10,
      "unrecognised": 16,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYSORBATE 20",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty-acid ester. The fatty-acid tail is the substrate."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "paulas-choice-skin-perfecting-2-bha-liquid",
      "brand": "Paula's Choice",
      "product": "2% BHA Liquid Exfoliant",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 1,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 4,
      "unrecognised": 3,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYSORBATE 20",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty-acid ester. The fatty-acid tail is the substrate."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-ordinary-hyaluronic-acid-2-b5",
      "brand": "The Ordinary",
      "product": "Hyaluronic Acid 2% + B5 Hydrating Serum with Ceramides - Hydrating Serum 1.0 oz",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 1,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 10,
      "unrecognised": 12,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYSORBATE 20",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty-acid ester. The fatty-acid tail is the substrate."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-ordinary-salicylic-acid-2-solution",
      "brand": "The Ordinary",
      "product": "Salicylic Acid 2% Solution, Exfoliating Serum for Acne",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 1,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 2,
      "unrecognised": 8,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYSORBATE 20",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty-acid ester. The fatty-acid tail is the substrate."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-ordinary-glycolic-acid-7-toning-solution",
      "brand": "The Ordinary",
      "product": "Glycolic Acid 7% Exfoliating and Brightening Daily Toner - 8.0 oz",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 1,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 9,
      "unrecognised": 32,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYSORBATE 20",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty-acid ester. The fatty-acid tail is the substrate."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-ordinary-mandelic-acid-10-ha",
      "brand": "The Ordinary",
      "product": "Mandelic Acid 10% + HA Gentle Facial Exfoliating Serum for Hydration",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 1,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 8,
      "unrecognised": 4,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYSORBATE 20",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty-acid ester. The fatty-acid tail is the substrate."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-ordinary-multi-peptide-ha-serum-buffet",
      "brand": "The Ordinary",
      "product": "The Ordinary Multi-Peptide + HA Serum (Buffet)",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 1,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 10,
      "unrecognised": 40,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYSORBATE 20",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty-acid ester. The fatty-acid tail is the substrate."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-ordinary-matrixyl-10-ha",
      "brand": "The Ordinary",
      "product": "Matrixyl 10% + HA",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 1,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 4,
      "unrecognised": 12,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYSORBATE 20",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty-acid ester. The fatty-acid tail is the substrate."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "timeless-20-c-e-ferulic",
      "brand": "Timeless Skin Care",
      "product": "20% Vitamin C + E Ferulic Acid Serum",
      "verdict": "feeds",
      "known_substrates": 1,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 4,
      "unrecognised": 6,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYSORBATE 80",
          "level": "feeds",
          "why": "Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty-acid ester. The fatty-acid tail is the substrate."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "bring-green-artemisia-cera-calming-moisture-toner",
      "brand": "Bring Green",
      "product": "Artemisia Cera Calming Moisture Toner",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 4,
      "not_usable": 8,
      "unrecognised": 19,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "MACADAMIA TERNIFOLIA SEED OIL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYGLYCERYL-10 OLEATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYGLYCERYL-10 STEARATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "CETEARYL ALCOHOL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fatty alcohol. Lower risk than the free acids, but routinely reported as a trigger and worth knowing about."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "paulas-choice-discoloration-repair-serum",
      "brand": "Paula's Choice",
      "product": "CLINICAL Discoloration Repair Serum",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 4,
      "not_usable": 8,
      "unrecognised": 10,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "BEHENYL ALCOHOL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fatty alcohol. Lower risk than the free acids, but routinely reported as a trigger and worth knowing about."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "GLYCERYL STEARATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "SILYBUM MARIANUM SEED OIL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "LACTOBACILLUS/COCONUT FRUIT JUICE FERMENT FILTRATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fermented or yeast-derived ferment. Contested rather than proven, and flagged so you can decide."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "benton-deep-green-tea-serum",
      "brand": "Benton",
      "product": "Deep Green Tea Serum",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 3,
      "not_usable": 14,
      "unrecognised": 13,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "CAMELLIA JAPONICA SEED OIL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "HELIANTHUS ANNUUS (SUNFLOWER) SEED OIL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYGLYCERYL-10 LAURATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "cerave-moisturizing-cream",
      "brand": "CeraVe",
      "product": "CeraVe Moisturizing Cream",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 3,
      "not_usable": 6,
      "unrecognised": 15,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "Cetareth-20 and Cetearyl Alcohol",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fatty alcohol. Lower risk than the free acids, but routinely reported as a trigger and worth knowing about."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "CETEARYL ALCOHOL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fatty alcohol. Lower risk than the free acids, but routinely reported as a trigger and worth knowing about."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "CETYL ALCOHOL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fatty alcohol. Lower risk than the free acids, but routinely reported as a trigger and worth knowing about."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "purito-centella-unscented-serum",
      "brand": "PURITO",
      "product": "Centella Unscented Serum",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 3,
      "not_usable": 7,
      "unrecognised": 20,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "HYDROLYZED JOJOBA ESTERS",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYGLYCERYL-10 MYRISTATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYGLYCERYL-10 LAURATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-inkey-list-peptide-moisturizer",
      "brand": "The INKEY List",
      "product": "The Inkey List Peptide Moisturizer",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 3,
      "not_usable": 6,
      "unrecognised": 14,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "CETEARYL ALCOHOL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fatty alcohol. Lower risk than the free acids, but routinely reported as a trigger and worth knowing about."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "GLYCERYL STEARATE SE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII (SHEA) BUTTER",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-inkey-list-supersolutions-10-urea-moisturizer",
      "brand": "The INKEY List",
      "product": "SuperSolutions 10% Urea Moisturizer",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 3,
      "not_usable": 6,
      "unrecognised": 8,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "CETEARYL ALCOHOL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fatty alcohol. Lower risk than the free acids, but routinely reported as a trigger and worth knowing about."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "GLYCERYL STEARATE SE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS (SAFFLOWER) SEED OIL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "abib-heartleaf-spot-pad-calming-touch",
      "brand": "Abib",
      "product": "Heartleaf Spot Pad Calming Touch",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 2,
      "not_usable": 10,
      "unrecognised": 12,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYGLYCERYL-10 LAURATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYGLYCERYL-10 MYRISTATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "abib-ectoin-panthenol-11-moisturizer",
      "brand": "Abib",
      "product": "Ectoin Panthenol 11% Moisturizer",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 2,
      "not_usable": 6,
      "unrecognised": 10,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "CETEARYL ALCOHOL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fatty alcohol. Lower risk than the free acids, but routinely reported as a trigger and worth knowing about."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED OIL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "acwell-licorice-ph-balancing-cleansing-toner",
      "brand": "ACWELL",
      "product": "Licorice pH 5.5 Balancing Cleansing Toner",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 2,
      "not_usable": 2,
      "unrecognised": 19,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "PEG-7 GLYCERYL COCOATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "PEG fatty-acid ester or ethoxylated fatty alcohol."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "CITRUS AURANTIUM BERGAMIA (BERGAMOT) FRUIT OIL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "beauty-of-joseon-glow-serum-propolis-niacinamide",
      "brand": "Beauty of Joseon",
      "product": "Glow Serum (Propolis + Niacinamide)",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 2,
      "not_usable": 9,
      "unrecognised": 19,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM SEED OIL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYGLYCERYL-10 LAURATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "eucerin-urearepair-plus-30-urea-creme",
      "brand": "Eucerin",
      "product": "UreaRepair PLUS 30% Urea Moisturizing Creme",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 2,
      "not_usable": 5,
      "unrecognised": 13,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYGLYCERYL-2 DIPOLYHYDROXYSTEARATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "HELIANTHUS ANNUUS SEED OIL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "haruharu-wonder-black-rice-hyaluronic-toner",
      "brand": "haruharu Wonder",
      "product": "Black Rice Hyaluronic Toner",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 2,
      "not_usable": 6,
      "unrecognised": 19,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYGLYCERYL-10 LAURATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYGLYCERYL-10 MYRISTATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "herbivore-bakuchiol-dual-retinol-alternative-serum",
      "brand": "HERBIVORE",
      "product": "BAKUCHIOL Dual-Retinol Alternative Serum",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 2,
      "not_usable": 8,
      "unrecognised": 23,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "Triglyceride",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "Caprylate/Caprate Triglyceride",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "la-roche-posay-cicaplast-balm-b5",
      "brand": "La Roche-Posay",
      "product": "Cicaplast Balm B5",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 2,
      "not_usable": 8,
      "unrecognised": 12,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII BUTTER",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYGLYCERYL-4 ISOSTEARATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "mizon-skin-power-original-first-essence",
      "brand": "MIZON",
      "product": "MIZON Skin Power Original First Essence",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 2,
      "not_usable": 6,
      "unrecognised": 36,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "GALACTOMYCES FERMENT FILTRATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fermented or yeast-derived ferment. Contested rather than proven, and flagged so you can decide."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "CITRUS AURANTIUM BERGAMIA (BERGAMOT) FRUIT OIL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "neogen-real-bakuchiol-firming-serum",
      "brand": "NEOGEN",
      "product": "Real Bakuchiol Firming Serum",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 2,
      "not_usable": 12,
      "unrecognised": 32,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "OLEA EUROPAEA (OLIVE) FRUIT OIL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "HELIANTHUS ANNUUS (SUNFLOWER) SEED OIL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "paulas-choice-10-azelaic-acid-booster",
      "brand": "Paula's Choice",
      "product": "10% Azelaic Acid Booster",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 2,
      "not_usable": 10,
      "unrecognised": 9,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "CETEARYL ALCOHOL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fatty alcohol. Lower risk than the free acids, but routinely reported as a trigger and worth knowing about."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "GLYCERYL STEARATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "supergoop-unseen-sunscreen-spf-40",
      "brand": "Supergoop!",
      "product": "Unseen Sunscreen SPF 40",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 2,
      "not_usable": 4,
      "unrecognised": 20,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII (SHEA) BUTTER",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "JOJOBA ESTERS",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "trader-joes-vitamin-c",
      "brand": "Trader Joe's",
      "product": "Vitamin C Serum",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 2,
      "not_usable": 5,
      "unrecognised": 7,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYGLYCERYL-10 CAPRYLATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        },
        {
          "ingredient": "HELIANTHUS ANNUUS (SUNFLOWER) SEED OIL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "elf-bright-icon-c-e-ferulic",
      "brand": "e.l.f. Cosmetics",
      "product": "Bright Icon Vitamin C + E + Ferulic Serum",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 7,
      "unrecognised": 9,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "LAURETH-23",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "PEG fatty-acid ester or ethoxylated fatty alcohol."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "geek-gorgeous-a-game-retinal",
      "brand": "Geek & Gorgeous",
      "product": "Geek & Gorgeous A-Game 10 (0.1% Retinal Serum)",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 7,
      "unrecognised": 12,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "RUBUS CHAMAEMORUS SEED OIL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "im-from-rice-toner",
      "brand": "I'm From",
      "product": "Rice Toner",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 6,
      "unrecognised": 11,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYGLYCERYL-10 MYRISTATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "iunik-propolis-vitamin-synergy-serum",
      "brand": "iUNIK",
      "product": "Propolis Vitamin Synergy Serum",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 11,
      "unrecognised": 20,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "CITRUS AURANTIUM BERGAMIA (BERGAMOT) FRUIT OIL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "mediheal-madecassoside-blemish-repair-serum",
      "brand": "Mediheal",
      "product": "Madecassoside Blemish Repair Serum",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 10,
      "unrecognised": 15,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "POLYGLYCERYL-10 LAURATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "missha-time-revolution-first-essence-rx",
      "brand": "Missha",
      "product": "MISSHA Time Revolution The First Essence RX",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 6,
      "unrecognised": 13,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "SACCHAROMYCES FERMENT FILTRATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Fermented or yeast-derived ferment. Contested rather than proven, and flagged so you can decide."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "numbuzin-no-1-pantothenic-b5-soothing-serum",
      "brand": "numbuzin",
      "product": "No.1 Pantothenic B5 Active Soothing Serum",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 12,
      "unrecognised": 18,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "GLYCERYL OLEATE",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Glyceryl ester of a fatty acid; the tail is usable."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "paulas-choice-7-ectoin-hyaluronic-acid-serum",
      "brand": "Paula's Choice",
      "product": "7% Ectoin + Hyaluronic Acid Milky Serum",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 4,
      "unrecognised": 11,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS (JOJOBA) SEED OIL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "revivc-phloretin-ferulic",
      "brand": "Reviv-C",
      "product": "36% Vitamin C Serum with Phloretin & Ferulic Acid",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 6,
      "unrecognised": 20,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "PUNICA GRANATUM SEED OIL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "skinceuticals-c-e-ferulic",
      "brand": "SkinCeuticals",
      "product": "SkinCeuticals C E Ferulic (1 fl. oz.)",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 5,
      "unrecognised": 6,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "LAURETH-23",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "PEG fatty-acid ester or ethoxylated fatty alcohol."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "skinceuticals-triple-lipid-restore-242",
      "brand": "SkinCeuticals",
      "product": "SkinCeuticals Triple Lipid Restore 2:4:2",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 9,
      "unrecognised": 27,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "HELIANTHUS ANNUUS SEED OIL UNSAPONIFIABLES",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-ordinary-niacinamide-10-zinc-1",
      "brand": "The Ordinary",
      "product": "Niacinamide 10% + Zinc 1% Serum for Oily Skin - 1.0 oz",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 4,
      "unrecognised": 6,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "ISOCETETH-20",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "PEG fatty-acid ester or ethoxylated fatty alcohol."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-ordinary-lactic-acid-10-ha",
      "brand": "The Ordinary",
      "product": "The Ordinary Lactic Acid 10% + HA",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 8,
      "unrecognised": 5,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "ISOCETETH-20",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "PEG fatty-acid ester or ethoxylated fatty alcohol."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-ordinary-ascorbyl-glucoside-solution-12",
      "brand": "The Ordinary",
      "product": "Ascorbyl Glucoside Solution 12%",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 2,
      "unrecognised": 5,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "ISOCETETH-20",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "PEG fatty-acid ester or ethoxylated fatty alcohol."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-ordinary-ascorbyl-tetraisopalmitate-solution-20",
      "brand": "The Ordinary",
      "product": "Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate Solution 20% in Vitamin F",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 1,
      "unrecognised": 5,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS (JOJOBA) SEED OIL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-ordinary-argireline-solution-10",
      "brand": "The Ordinary",
      "product": "Argireline Solution 10%",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 2,
      "unrecognised": 8,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "ISOCETETH-20",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "PEG fatty-acid ester or ethoxylated fatty alcohol."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "tosowoong-real-turmeric-kojic-acid-serum",
      "brand": "TOSOWOONG",
      "product": "Real Turmeric Kojic Acid Serum",
      "verdict": "likely",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 1,
      "not_usable": 8,
      "unrecognised": 31,
      "flagged": [
        {
          "ingredient": "MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED OIL",
          "level": "likely",
          "why": "Plant oil or triglyceride — mostly C16-C18 chains in the usable range."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "product_id": "apieu-madecassoside-cream-2x",
      "brand": "A'PIEU",
      "product": "Madecassoside Cream 2X",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 10,
      "unrecognised": 12,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "apieu-madecassoside-tetrasome-cica-cream",
      "brand": "A'PIEU",
      "product": "Madecassoside Tetrasome Cica Cream",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 8,
      "unrecognised": 15,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "abib-heartleaf-calming-toner",
      "brand": "Abib",
      "product": "Heartleaf Calming Toner Skin Booster",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 9,
      "unrecognised": 14,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "acne-free-adapalene-gel",
      "brand": "Acne Free",
      "product": "Adapalene Gel 0.1%",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 1,
      "unrecognised": 0,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "acwell-licorice-ph-balancing-advance-serum",
      "brand": "ACWELL",
      "product": "Licorice pH Balancing Advance Serum",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 10,
      "unrecognised": 25,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "anua-heartleaf-77-soothing-toner",
      "brand": "Anua",
      "product": "Heartleaf 77% Soothing Toner",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 6,
      "unrecognised": 15,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "asterwood-copper-peptides-serum",
      "brand": "Asterwood",
      "product": "Copper Peptides Serum",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 3,
      "unrecognised": 3,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "australian-gold-botanical-tinted-face-spf-50",
      "brand": "Australian Gold",
      "product": "Botanical SPF 50 Tinted Face Sunscreen",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 0,
      "unrecognised": 3,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "biossance-100-sugarcane-squalane",
      "brand": "Biossance",
      "product": "100% Sugarcane Squalane",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 1,
      "unrecognised": 0,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "blue-lizard-sensitive-mineral-sunscreen-spf-50",
      "brand": "Blue Lizard",
      "product": "Sensitive Mineral Sunscreen SPF 50",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 0,
      "unrecognised": 2,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "cerave-acne-foaming-cream-cleanser-4-benzoyl-peroxide",
      "brand": "CeraVe",
      "product": "Acne Foaming Cream Cleanser",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 8,
      "unrecognised": 20,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "cerave-100-mineral-sunscreen-spf-30",
      "brand": "CeraVe",
      "product": "100% Mineral Sunscreen SPF 30, Face",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 2,
      "unrecognised": 3,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "css-phloretin-serum",
      "brand": "Cosmetic Skin Solutions",
      "product": "Phloretin Serum Advanced Formula",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 5,
      "unrecognised": 8,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "cosrx-the-alpha-arbutin-2-discoloration-serum",
      "brand": "COSRX",
      "product": "The Alpha-Arbutin 2 Discoloration Care Serum",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 15,
      "unrecognised": 23,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "cosrx-advanced-snail-96-mucin-power-essence",
      "brand": "COSRX",
      "product": "Advanced Snail 96 Mucin Power Essence",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 5,
      "unrecognised": 7,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "cosrx-full-fit-propolis-light-ampoule",
      "brand": "COSRX",
      "product": "Full Fit Propolis Light Ampoule",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 5,
      "unrecognised": 6,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "differin-adapalene-gel",
      "brand": "Differin",
      "product": "Adapalene Gel 0.1%",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 1,
      "unrecognised": 0,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "ebanel-urea-cream-40-salicylic-acid",
      "brand": "Ebanel",
      "product": "Urea Cream 40% + Salicylic Acid 2%",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 2,
      "unrecognised": 0,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "eltamd-uv-clear-tinted-spf-46",
      "brand": "EltaMD",
      "product": "UV Clear Tinted Face Sunscreen SPF 46",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 1,
      "unrecognised": 3,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "farmacy-waterless-vitamin-c",
      "brand": "FARMACY",
      "product": "10% Waterless Vitamin C Serum",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 6,
      "unrecognised": 6,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "geek-gorgeous-c-glow",
      "brand": "Geek & Gorgeous",
      "product": "C-Glow",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 5,
      "unrecognised": 5,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "glow-recipe-watermelon-pha-bha-pore-tight-toner",
      "brand": "Glow Recipe",
      "product": "Watermelon Glow PHA + BHA Pore-Tight Toner",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 4,
      "unrecognised": 6,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "good-molecules-mandelic-acid-serum",
      "brand": "Good Molecules",
      "product": "Mandelic Acid Serum",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 5,
      "unrecognised": 11,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "good-molecules-squalane-oil",
      "brand": "Good Molecules",
      "product": "Squalane Oil",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 1,
      "unrecognised": 0,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "hada-labo-gokujyun-hyaluronic-acid-lotion",
      "brand": "Hada Labo",
      "product": "Gokujyun Hyaluronic Acid Lotion",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 6,
      "unrecognised": 5,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "im-from-mugwort-essence",
      "brand": "I'm From",
      "product": "Mugwort Essence",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 0,
      "unrecognised": 1,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "isntree-green-tea-fresh-toner",
      "brand": "ISNTREE",
      "product": "Green Tea Fresh Toner",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 3,
      "unrecognised": 14,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "iunik-beta-glucan-power-moisture-serum",
      "brand": "iUNIK",
      "product": "Beta-Glucan Power Moisture Serum",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 3,
      "unrecognised": 3,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "kojie-san-skin-lightening-soap",
      "brand": "Kojie San",
      "product": "Kojie San Skin Lightening Soap",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 5,
      "unrecognised": 13,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "la-roche-posay-effaclar-adapalene-gel",
      "brand": "La Roche-Posay",
      "product": "Effaclar Adapalene Gel 0.1%",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 1,
      "unrecognised": 0,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "la-roche-posay-anthelios-mineral-ultra-light-face-spf-50",
      "brand": "La Roche-Posay",
      "product": "Anthelios Mineral Ultra-Light Face SPF 50",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 0,
      "unrecognised": 2,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "la-roche-posay-anthelios-melt-in-milk-spf-60",
      "brand": "La Roche-Posay",
      "product": "Anthelios Melt-In Milk Sunscreen SPF 60",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 0,
      "unrecognised": 4,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "mad-hippie-vitamin-c-serum",
      "brand": "Mad Hippie",
      "product": "Vitamin C Serum",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 4,
      "unrecognised": 6,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "maelove-glow-maker",
      "brand": "Maelove",
      "product": "Glow Maker Vitamin C Serum",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 5,
      "unrecognised": 17,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "minimalist-pha-3-face-toner",
      "brand": "Minimalist",
      "product": "PHA 3% Face Toner",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 10,
      "unrecognised": 33,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "mizon-snail-repair-intensive-essence",
      "brand": "MIZON",
      "product": "Snail Repair Intensive Essence",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 11,
      "unrecognised": 15,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "natureplex-advanced-scar-gel",
      "brand": "Natureplex",
      "product": "Advanced Scar Gel with Allantoin",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 4,
      "unrecognised": 4,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "naturium-tranexamic-topical-acid-5",
      "brand": "Naturium",
      "product": "Tranexamic Topical Acid 5%",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 9,
      "unrecognised": 13,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "neutrogena-hydro-boost-water-gel",
      "brand": "Neutrogena",
      "product": "Hydro Boost Water Gel - 1.7 oz",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 12,
      "unrecognised": 24,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "neutrogena-ultra-sheer-dry-touch-spf-70",
      "brand": "Neutrogena",
      "product": "Ultra Sheer Dry-Touch Sunscreen SPF 70",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 0,
      "unrecognised": 4,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "niod-copper-amino-isolate-serum",
      "brand": "NIOD",
      "product": "Copper Amino Isolate Serum",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 3,
      "unrecognised": 4,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "now-solutions-vegetable-glycerin",
      "brand": "NOW Solutions",
      "product": "Vegetable Glycerin 100% Pure",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 1,
      "unrecognised": 0,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "paulas-choice-c15-super-booster",
      "brand": "Paula's Choice",
      "product": "C15 Super Booster",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 6,
      "unrecognised": 19,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "pixi-glow-tonic-5-glycolic-acid",
      "brand": "Pixi",
      "product": "Glow Tonic 5% Glycolic Acid Exfoliating Toner - 4.2 oz",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 8,
      "unrecognised": 21,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "skin1004-madagascar-centella-asiatica-100-ampoule",
      "brand": "SKIN1004",
      "product": "Madagascar Centella Asiatica 100 Ampoule",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 1,
      "unrecognised": 2,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "skinceuticals-phloretin-cf",
      "brand": "SkinCeuticals",
      "product": "Phloretin CF",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 3,
      "unrecognised": 5,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "skinceuticals-discoloration-defense",
      "brand": "SkinCeuticals",
      "product": "Discoloration Defense",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 8,
      "unrecognised": 6,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-inkey-list-pha-toner",
      "brand": "The INKEY List",
      "product": "PHA Toner",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 7,
      "unrecognised": 9,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-inkey-list-ectoin-hydro-barrier-serum",
      "brand": "The INKEY List",
      "product": "Ectoin Hydro-Barrier Serum",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 8,
      "unrecognised": 10,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-ordinary-alpha-arbutin-2-ha",
      "brand": "The Ordinary",
      "product": "Alpha Arbutin 2% + Hyaluronic Acid for Hyperpigmentation",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 4,
      "unrecognised": 8,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-ordinary-100-plant-derived-squalane",
      "brand": "The Ordinary",
      "product": "100% Plant-Derived Squalane",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 1,
      "unrecognised": 0,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-ordinary-multi-peptide-copper-peptides-1",
      "brand": "The Ordinary",
      "product": "Multi-Peptide + Copper Peptides 1%",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 3,
      "unrecognised": 6,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "the-ordinary-vitamin-c-suspension-23-ha-spheres-2",
      "brand": "The Ordinary",
      "product": "Vitamin C Suspension 23% + HA Spheres 2%",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 3,
      "unrecognised": 12,
      "flagged": []
    },
    {
      "product_id": "tizo2-facial-mineral-sunscreen-spf-40",
      "brand": "TiZO",
      "product": "TiZO2 Facial Mineral Sunscreen SPF 40",
      "verdict": "clear",
      "known_substrates": 0,
      "probable_substrates": 0,
      "not_usable": 0,
      "unrecognised": 2,
      "flagged": []
    }
  ]
}